Abstract
Individual learning experiences have been changed with new technology development. Digital media has become a more favorable format in both reading and learning. This study investigated the reasons behind contradictory results in past e-textbook adoption studies and proposed that previous reading experiences associated with age were related to the effectiveness of e-textbook usage in learning. Results reveal a positive relationship between previous e-textbook reading experience and learning outcomes for current middle school students and older undergraduate students. Implications of changes in reading behaviors were discussed and future research was suggested.