Abstract
Objective: Backpack weight is often credited with significant contribution to low back pain in children; however, limited consensus has been established regarding exact relationships between backpack weight and low back pain. Additionally, the relationship between backpack weight and percent of body weight may not be the single best predictor of pain. It is necessary to consider other variables such as a child's height/weight ratio or body mass index (BMI), physical activity level, type of backpack, and backpack ergonomics. Study Design: This is a descriptive, non-experimental study utilizing survey methods and observations. A convenience sample of 56 students was included from 2 elementary schools grades 3 through 5. Height, weight, backpack weight, and posterior and lateral photographs were taken. Demographic and survey questions regarding backpack usage were also administered. Results: Although a large number of students reported pain (30%), no significant clinical results were determined to support direct relationship between backpacks and low back pain. Posture deviations were a notable and common finding among many students reporting pain. Conclusion: Evidence is insufficient to suggest that school backpack loads are related to low back pain in elementary school children grades 3-5. Back pain is multifactorial and cannot be attributed to a single factor such as heavy backpacks. Further posture analysis is suggested in elementary school aged children.