Abstract
Norcia reads L. T. Meade's Four on an Island as a clever revision of the adventure tale, as popularized by Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe and numerous subsequent Robinsonnades, as a domestic enterprise featuring the female Adventurous Angel as Crusoe's appropriate heir in the process of empire building through the maintenance of domestic space. She claims that Meade challenges the exclusivity of the spaces gendered as masculine, which includes not only geographic loci but also critical spaces that continue to be dominated by male voices.