Abstract
Pavement markings are vital for organizing traffic flow and enhancing safety, but their friction characteristics are often overlooked and insufficiently addressed. This study assessed the friction performance of six marking types used by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT): waterborne paint, preformed tape, epoxy, polyurea, methyl methacrylate (MMA), and thermoplastics. Specimens incorporating various materials, including binders, glass beads, and antiskid particles, were conditioned using a three-wheel polishing device (TWPD) to simulate traffic wear. Friction metrics were measured with the British Pendulum Tester (BPT), Dynamic Friction Tester (DFT), and Circular Track Meter (CTM). Results revealed freshly applied markings exhibit 44% higher friction in dry than wet conditions, with waterborne paint outperforming non-waterborne paints. Also, correlation analyses were conducted to examine the influence of bead type, application rate, and binder thickness on friction and durability. Findings improve understanding of marking materials' performance, supporting the development of enhanced standards and maintenance practices.