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Travel surveillance uncovers dengue virus dynamics and introductions in the Caribbean
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Travel surveillance uncovers dengue virus dynamics and introductions in the Caribbean

Emma Taylor-Salmon, Verity Hill, Lauren M Paul, Robert T Koch, Mallery I Breban, Chrispin Chaguza, Afeez Sodeinde, Joshua L Warren, Sylvia Bunch, Natalia Cano, …
Nature communications, Vol.15(2), pp.314-328
04-25-2024
PMID: 38664380

Abstract

Caribbean Region - epidemiology Dengue - epidemiology Dengue - transmission Dengue - virology Dengue Virus - classification Dengue Virus - genetics Dengue Virus - isolation & purification Disease Outbreaks Epidemiological Monitoring Humans Phylogeny Serogroup Travel - statistics & numerical data
Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease in humans, and cases are continuing to rise globally. In particular, islands in the Caribbean have experienced more frequent outbreaks, and all four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes have been reported in the region, leading to hyperendemicity and increased rates of severe disease. However, there is significant variability regarding virus surveillance and reporting between islands, making it difficult to obtain an accurate understanding of the epidemiological patterns in the Caribbean. To investigate this, we used travel surveillance and genomic epidemiology to reconstruct outbreak dynamics, DENV serotype turnover, and patterns of spread within the region from 2009-2022. We uncovered two recent DENV-3 introductions from Asia, one of which resulted in a large outbreak in Cuba, which was previously under-reported. We also show that while outbreaks can be synchronized between islands, they are often caused by different serotypes. Our study highlights the importance of surveillance of infected travelers to provide a snapshot of local introductions and transmission in areas with limited local surveillance and suggests that the recent DENV-3 introductions may pose a major public health threat in the region.
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