Abstract
Is it an asset or a burden to be bilingual? Although bilingualism is appreciated by many people worldwide, immigrant families often struggle with the maintenance of their heritage language (1) (HL) and culture. In the United States, for example, the HL in most families is completely lost within three generations (Fishman, 1991). The loss of a child's HL negatively impacts their cultural identity development, relationships with parents and grandparents, and academic performance (Wong-Fillmore, 2000). Conversely, the maintenance of a child's HL produces many positive attributes.