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Zika virus evolution and spread in the Americas
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Zika virus evolution and spread in the Americas

Hayden C Metsky, Christian B Matranga, Shirlee Wohl, Stephen F Schaffner, Catherine A Freije, Sarah M Winnicki, Kendra West, James Qu, Mary Lynn Baniecki, Adrianne Gladden-Young, …
Nature (London), Vol.546(7658), pp.411-415
06-15-2017
PMCID: PMC5563848
PMID: 28538734

Abstract

Animals Brazil - epidemiology Colombia - epidemiology Culicidae - virology Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data Genome, Viral - genetics Geographic Mapping Honduras - epidemiology Humans Metagenome - genetics Mosquito Vectors - virology Phylogeny Public Health Surveillance Puerto Rico - epidemiology United States - epidemiology Zika Virus - classification Zika Virus - genetics Zika Virus - isolation & purification Zika Virus - pathogenicity Zika Virus Infection - diagnosis Zika Virus Infection - epidemiology Zika Virus Infection - transmission Zika Virus Infection - virology Molecular Epidemiology Mutation
Although the recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas and its link to birth defects have attracted a great deal of attention, much remains unknown about ZIKV disease epidemiology and ZIKV evolution, in part owing to a lack of genomic data. Here we address this gap in knowledge by using multiple sequencing approaches to generate 110 ZIKV genomes from clinical and mosquito samples from 10 countries and territories, greatly expanding the observed viral genetic diversity from this outbreak. We analysed the timing and patterns of introductions into distinct geographic regions; our phylogenetic evidence suggests rapid expansion of the outbreak in Brazil and multiple introductions of outbreak strains into Puerto Rico, Honduras, Colombia, other Caribbean islands, and the continental United States. We find that ZIKV circulated undetected in multiple regions for many months before the first locally transmitted cases were confirmed, highlighting the importance of surveillance of viral infections. We identify mutations with possible functional implications for ZIKV biology and pathogenesis, as well as those that might be relevant to the effectiveness of diagnostic tests.
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