Abstract
Background and Study Aim. The role of the coach has been reinvented by the digital transformation of sport, embedding advanced technologies into performance environments and extending the reach of evidence-based practice. Material and methods. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence across three domains: wearables, mobile applications, and game-based training; while focusing on their implications for Paralympic athletes in individual sports. Results. Wearable systems provide real-time data for monitoring workload, recovery, and impairment-specific biomechanics, enabling highly personalized training interventions for athletes with prostheses, limb differences, visual impairments, or short stature. Mobile applications expand communication and accountability by delivering remote training plans, integrating rehabilitation care, and supporting accessible athlete self-monitoring, though concerns remain regarding equity, digital literacy, and data governance. Game-based and gamified training approaches, including virtual and augmented reality, foster motivation, cognitive agility, and skill acquisition while reducing social isolation for athletes unable to relocate from their home environments. Importantly, these innovations make long-distance coaching increasingly viable, allowing athletes to maintain essential medical, familial, and social supports while still accessing elite coaching. Conclusions. Sustaining effective practice requires integrating these tools with mentorship, empathy, and ethical safeguards to preserve holistic athlete development and ensure inclusive high-performance pathways. Technology must be harnessed not only to enhance performance but also to safeguard athlete welfare across the lifespan.